Hydraulic turbines may be defined as prime movers that transform the kinetic energy. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf. Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pumpturbines model acceptance tests 1 general rules 1. British electricity international, in turbines, generators and associated plant third edition, 1991. Uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of water and rotate the rotor by dynamic action of water. In the case of positive displacement pumps, the fluid is physically pushed from an enclosed space. Iec 60193 hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump. Here hydraulic energy refers to potential and kinetic energy of a liquid hydraulic pumps are the energyabsorbing machines.
Hydraulic turbines and pumps free download as pdf file. Built on the legacy of lufkin hydraulic pumping units, our technology provides you with costeffective solutions for dewatering lowvolume oil and natural gas wells. Centrifugal pumps may be used to advantage as small hydraulic turbines where low initial cost is imperative. Pump and turbine characteristics are presented for typical units and a procedure for pump selection is discussed. The specific speed increases as flow rate increases and hydraulic head decreases.
June 10, 2011 the next edition of this code is scheduled for publication in 2016. With our hydraulic pumping units hpus, youll get quick installation, few moving parts, and a minimal footprint. These pumps combine the high discharge pressures of positive displacement or multistage. Centrifugal pumps used as hydraulic turbines journal of. Asme ptc 182011 hydraulic turbines and pumpturbines performance test codes an international code revision of asme ptc 182002 three park avenue new york, ny 10016 usa.
Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf. This category of hydraulic turbines has the flow path of the. A performance prediction method for pumps as turbines pat. Hydraulic machines ies ese ace academy handwritten notes pdf.
Hydraulic turbineshydraulic turbines raven mechanical. Pump is a device which is used to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Thus the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Hydraulic turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. This document covers the arrangements for model acceptance tests to be performed on hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pumpturbines to determine if the main hydraulic performance contract guarantees see 4.
An innovative concept replaces the common gearbox and frequency converter in conventional wind turbines with a hydrostatic drivetrain using fixeddisplacement pumps and fixed and variabledisplacement motors. Introduction to surface water hydrology hydrologic cycle rainfall, runoff and design events 4. Hydraulic pumpmotor division hydraulic flow is developed as the pump rotating group is driven by a prime mover hydraulic pump basics fluid is forced out of pump at the pump outlet a partial vacuum is created at the pump inlet and atmospheric pressure forces fluid into pump from the reservoir. Energy systems hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 12. Positive displacement pumps allow liquid to flow into an open cavity trap the liquid in the pump transport liquid from the suction to discharge port mechanically force liquid out of the pump. Hydraulic turbines may be defined as prime movers that transform the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy of rotation and whose primary function is to drive a electric generator. Uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of water and rotate the rotor by dynamic action of water classification of hydraulic turbines. Extract energy from the fluid the fluid does work on them. The hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy are known as turbines and that convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy is known as pumps. Aug 01, 2015 cavitation in hydraulic turbines a description of the phenomenon of cavitation with regard to pumps was given in chapter 7. Pump turbines are classified into three principal types analogous to reaction turbines. Lufkin hydraulic pumping units baker hughes, a ge company. Delta pumps are designed to provide greater torque efficiencies especially at high speeds. Dynamic pressure of the liquid is by the virtue of flow velocity and the other component, static pressure, is the actual fluid pressure which the fluid applies and which is acted upon it.
Hydraulic pump motor division hydraulic flow is developed as the pump rotating group is driven by a prime mover hydraulic pump basics fluid is forced out of pump at the pump outlet a partial vacuum is created at the pump inlet and atmospheric pressure forces fluid into pump from the reservoir. It is a hydraulic machine which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Request pdf hydraulic characteristics of pumps and turbines almost all hydraulic systems in hydropower stations are constructed for turbine and pump operations. One such example of impulse turbine is pelton wheel. Turbine itself means a thing which rotates or spins. Turbines which extract hydraulic energy available in a fluid and convert it into. Water turbine is a device that transforms the potential energy of a head of water into mechanical work. The liquid enters hydraulic turbines at high pressure. Difference between pump and turbine compare the difference. Turbines and that convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy is known as pumps.
Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines jyhcherng shieh department of bioindustrial mechatronics engineering national taiwan university. Animation as in the ppt hg hl h penstock turbine tailrace headrace head race tail race hg h hl. Types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2.
Turbine pumps are special types of centrifugal pumps which use turbinelike impellers with radially oriented teeth to move fluid. The device which converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy or vice versa is known as hydraulic machines. This document applies to models of prototype machines either with unit power greater than 5 mw or with reference diameter greater than 3 m. Based on the pressure change hydraulic turbines can be classified as of two types. Turbines, pumps, blowers and compressors fluid machines machines are energy conversion devices are called turbomachinery which transfers energy between a fluid system and its mechanical system e. Pdf centrifugal pump in turbine mode for small hydropower. Specific speed is defined as the rotational speed revolutions per minute at which a hydraulic turbine would operate at best efficiency under unit head one meter and which is sized to produce unit power one kilowatt. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and. Numerous shaft, bearing, mounting and seal options are available. In impulse turbines pressure change occur only in the nozzles of the machine. In hydraulic turbines, where reliability, long life, and efficiency are all very important, the effects of cavitation must be considered. Sep 30, 2012 the three main types of pumps are known as direct lift pumps, displacement pumps, and gravity pumps. The pressure of liquid does not change while flowing through the rotor of the machine.
Open channel flow specific energy and rapid transitions hydraulic jumps slowly varying flow open channel control structures 3. The main parts of a francis turbine are spiral case, stationary vanes, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube, as shown in figure 1. A pressure bomb cannot be run with a reciprocatingtype hydraulic pump. Hydraulic characteristics of pumps and turbines request pdf. Turbines are defined as the hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Generally, pumps are a means of fluid transport that convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Apr 25, 2016 hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy. Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump turbines model acceptance tests. The pumps are the hydraulic machines which convert the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy which is. The positive displacement pumps can be either reciprocating type or rotary type. When process conditions call for pressure to be dissipated, a pump running in reverse may be applied as a reaction turbine to capture that otherwise wasted energy e. Experimental studies about cavitation in hydraulic turbines in the study of the avellan 29, cavitation types and their effects to efficiency are investigated for centrifugal pumps, francis turbines, kaplan and bulb turbines in the modeltesting laboratory. In order to determine the pumps characteristic as turbine, we use a closed circuit experimental setup in which all the hydraulic and electric. The jettype hydraulic pump allows pressure bombs to be run in the chamber at the bottom of the pump power requirements are high due to the combined inefficiencies of power fluid pumps, downhole pumps, and hydraulic turbines.
College of engineering, shimoga 2 it consists of the following. This mechanical energy is used in running an electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Slip a series, c series, and d series hydraulic pumps. To know more about what are hydraulic turbines, what is the working principle of hydraulic turbines and how are they classified, read on through this article series. Hydraulic turbines an overview sciencedirect topics. Pumps, turbines, and pipe networks, part 2 ch 11 young. They are also referred to as vortex, periphery, or regenerative pumps.
The reciprocating pump is well suited for relatively small capacities and high heads. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and. Trashracks are usually fabricated from structural steel, although they have also been fabricated from fiberglass, plastic, wrought iron, and stainless steel. The most important reversible pump turbines built by kvaerner and installed in norway are. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm pdf notes hhm notes pdf file to download are listed below please check it. Therefore, turbines with high specific speed have also high values of stage reaction, because work exchanged between fluid and runner decreases if r increases. Finally, results have been compared to prediction methods available in the literature. Hydraulic machines ies ese ace academy handwritten notes pdf free download please note. The impeller of centrifugal pumps converts the mechanical power into hydraulic energy pressure, and since its design is similar to the one of the francis runner. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines. Each model is designed to operate as either a single rotation or birotational pump, depending on the application. Hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy. Introduction to surface water hydrology hydrologic cycle. Turbine a turbine is a device that is capable of absorbing energy from a given fluid stream and converting it to useful work.
Centrifugal pumps develop pressure by increasing the velocity of the liquid liquid is literally flung out of the cutwater. The overall pump efficiency is affected by the hydraulic. Pdf introduction to cavitation in hydraulic machinery. Gross head is the difference between hydraulic heads in the upstream and downstream reservoirs. This chapter provides an overview of hydraulic turbines. Hydraulic turbines are classified according to specific speed.
1603 1567 1392 1048 1162 23 488 1540 809 658 747 1203 1144 1179 369 1096 1422 1169 58 1599 378 1267 1429 333 985 143 669 180 610 1139 1483 13 659 646